Nonferrous metals yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam ntawm tsoomfwv, Neeg lub neej thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, kev nthuav dav thiab kev tsim txuj ci siab. Kev hloov tshiab ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho kom muaj zog, kev tiv thaiv teb chaws thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tshuab yog cais ntawm cov hlau tsis yog hlau. xws li aircraft, cuaj luaj, rockets, satellites, nuclear submarines thiab lwm yam riam phom thiab atomic zog, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom los yog tej yam yuav tsum muaj rau cov technologies yees xws li TV, kev sib txuas lus, radar, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob ua hauv cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous, thiab tsis muaj cov xim li non-ferrous li nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, thiab lwm yam. Kev siv cov non-ferrous hlau hauv tej kev siv, xws li lub hwj chim kev lag luam, yog txiav txim siab. Tam sim no muaj ntau lub teb chaws nyob hauv ntiaj teb, Nonferrous hlau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub teb chaws industrialized, sib tw tsim cov kev lag luam nonferrous hlau thiab ua kom muaj kev txav ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo.
Cov hlau tsis yog-hlau tsis yog hu ua non ferrous metals, uas yog txhua yam hlau, xws li hlau, manganese thiab chromium.
Cov pa co nonferrous metals no kuj muaj kev sib thooj nonferrous. Nonferrous alloys yog cov phom plaw ua ib qho los yog ob peb lwm yam hauv cov duab uas tsis yog ferrous metal (feem ntau tshaj 50%).
Nonferrous metals xa rau tag nrho cov hlau, xws li hlau, chromium thiab manganese, peb hom hlau. Xyoo 1958, Tuam Tshoj nrog rau hlau, chromium thiab manganese hauv cov hlau ferrous, Nonferrous hlau thiab 64 hom hlau uas tsis yog hlau, chromium thiab manganese tau ntxiv rau cov hlau tsis yog hlau. Cov 64 hom non-ferrous hlau xws li: aluminium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, tin, cobalt, npib, tshuaj tiv thaiv, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, kub, nyiaj, platinum, rhythm, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphorus, phosphate, phosphate, ND, Samarium, Europium, gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium.
Siv:
A: Copper nyob rau hauv non-ferrous Metals yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tau los ntawm noob neej ntxov. Niaj hnub, nonferrous hlau thiab lawv cov alloys tau ua cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, kev tsim ua lag luam, kev lag luam hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, Nonferrous metals aerospace thiab siv hluav taws xob nuclear.
B: Hauv cov ntawv siv, cov pa non-ferrous yog feem ntau cais ua 5 pawg:
1. Lub teeb hlau. Ceev ceev tsawg dua li ntawm 4,500 kilograms / cubic meters, xws li txhuas, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium thiab hais txog.
2. Hlau hnyav hlau. Ceev ceev tshaj 4500 kilograms / M 3, xws li tooj, nickel, cobalt, txhuas, zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury thiab lwm yam.
3. Cov khoom muaj nqi heev. Tus nqi tseem kim tshaj li niaj zaus co, Cov Hlau Nonferrous lub crust abundance yog tsawg, purification nyuaj, xws li kub, nyiaj thiab platinum pawg hlau.
4. Semi-hlau. Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau thiab tsis yog xim hlau, xws li silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, boron thiab lwm yam.
5. Tsis tshua muaj hlau. Xws li tsis tshua pom lub teeb, xws li lithium, rubidium, cesium, thiab lwm yam.
Rare refractory hlau xws li titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, lwm yam.
Rare thiab dispersed co xws li gallium, indium, Germanium thiab thallium;
Tsis tshua muaj hlau hauv av xws li scandium, yttrium, lanthanum;
Cov pa hluav taws xob, xws li cov chaw ua si, cov tshuaj tsw qab, Cov plum tsis muaj hlau plutonium thiab uranium thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv Albanian system. Nonferrous Metals feem ntau xa rau tag nrho cov hlau tsuas yog hlau (qee zaus tshem manganese thiab chromium) thiab hlau alloys. Non-ferrous metals yuav ua dej num rau hauv plaub pawg:
1. Cov pa hnyav hnyav: Ceev ceev hauv 4.5g / cm3 saum toj no, xws li tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, thiab lwm yam .;
2. Teeb Hlau: me me ceev (0.53 ~ 4.5g / cm3), cov khoom ua pa uas muaj zog, xws li txhuas, magnesium thiab lwm yam.
3. Lub cev muaj nuj nqes: Lub ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus ua kaub puab yog qhov me me, qhov kev nyuaj nyuaj, qhov nqi siab, qhov loj yog qhov loj, cov khoom siv tshuaj khov kho, xws li kub, nyiaj, platinum thiab lwm yam;
4. Tsis tshua muaj hlau: xws li tungsten, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, lanthanum, uranium thiab lwm yam.
Nonferrous hlau kev lag luam muaj xws li geological prospecting, tsuas, nyiaj, Nonferrous co hlau smelting thiab ua haujlwm. Yuav kom tau 1 tons ntawm non-ferrous hlau, lub ore feem ntau qis hauv cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau, uas yog feem ntau mined rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm cov zaub mov. Yog li ntawd, kuv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kev lag luam hlau uas tsis yog zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis yog hlau, muaj ntau hom kab mob ntawm cov kab mob symbiosis, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau tubntxhais tawm thiab siv cov khoom coj mus ua dua tshiab thiab ua kom siv cov kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj, xws li cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, cov hlau zoo nkauj thiab sulfuric acid, zoo rau kev siv cov yeeb nkab uas tsis yog ferrous or intermediate thiab cov cuav. Cov hlau tsis muaj ferrous hlau ntau yog tsim tawm ntau cov roj khib nyiab, Cov dej tsis muaj dej khib nyiab thiab pov tseg, uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv, qee zaus muaj tshuaj lom, cov hlau tsis yog hlau kuj yog cov tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tsis yog hlau, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov hlau ntau, feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog cov xim xav tau ntau zog. Raws li kev lag luam, xws li ntawm cov hlau ntawm ib tuj ntawm cov hlau noj ntawm 100, magnesium yog 1127, txhuas yog 767, nickel yog 455, tooj liab yog 352, zinc 206. Yog li, nyob rau hauv txoj kev lag luam non-ferrous hlau, teeb meem kev txo kev siv zog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nonferrous metals Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsuas, nyiaj, smelting, ua thiab ua dua ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, muaj ntau hom kev rho tawm los xaiv. Raws li deb li smelting kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog feem ntau muab faib rau hluav taws metallurgy, hydrometallurgical metallurgy thiab hluav taws xob metallurgy. Hluav taws hlau metallurgy feem ntau muaj rab peev xwm los nrog kev ua tau zoo ore, siv tau leej faj nyob rau hauv sulfide ore combustion tshav kub, muaj nyiaj txiag rov qab zoo zoo nkauj hlau, tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab lwm yam zoo, tab sis feem ntau nyuaj ua kom tau qhov zoo tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Hydrometallurgy feem ntau yog siv los kho cov hlau pob zeb, cov qib low-grade thiab refractory ores, thaum hluav taws xob fais fab hlau yog tsim rau cov khoom muaj hlau ntau xws li txhuas, magnesium thiab sodium. Cov hau kev no yog tsim los siv los yog siv nrog ua ke nrog cov qauv hauv mineral. Yuav kom ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hlua hlau tsis zoo, kev tsim cov khoom siv tshiab, cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej siv, xws li kev siv tshuaj tua kab, kua nplaum tawg, tshuaj txhuam cov organic, ion exchange, hlau cua txo, lub regional melting, vacuum hlau hlau, hlau hlau, hlau hlau, hlau hlau, Hlau hlau tsis sib xyaw hlau, hlau nruam hlau thiab nruam casting, xws li kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub, diffusion vuam, Superplastic molding, thiab lwm yam, zoo heev rau lub tswv yim thiab kev siv tshuab ntawm metallurgy, thiab tsis tu ncua kev loj hlob ntawm non-ferrous hlau ntau lawm.
Cov hlau tsis yog cov hlau siv feem ntau siv tom qab ua haujlwm, yog li yuav ua li cas tsim nyog thiab ua tau zoo tsim cov khoom ua tau zoo, pheej yig cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov nyiaj txiag kom tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nyiaj txiag, yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb heev. Nrog rau kev kawm txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, Nonferrous metals tshiab cov cai rau ntau, ntau yam, zoo thiab cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog muab tso rau. Cov kev cai ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub cev nqaij daim tawv, kev lag luam, Siv lead ua, ua haujlwm hauv xeev, ntom nti thiab qhov muaj nqis, kev ntseeg thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom muaj ntau dua. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog khoom loj tuaj ua qhov loj-loj, txuas ntxiv, tswj kev ua haujlwm, kev tsim qauv ntawm kev loj hlob, Nonferrous hlau uas yuav tsum muaj high-precision, kev cia siab ntawm technology, khoom siv, tswj kev siv tshuab thiab cov khoom tiav cov khoom siv. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, xws li cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor, composites, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov khoom yees tshiab xws li hmoov hlau metallurgy, kev kho deg, thiab lwm yam.
