Ntawm 107 lub ntsiab lus paub, muaj ntau hom kev qhia rau cov hlau hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Qee cov muab faib ua hlau (ferrous Meta-ls) thiab non-ferrous hlau (non-ferrous Metals) Ob pawg: hlau thiab Ferroalloy, ferrous hlau hais txog ferrous thiab ferrous metals sab nraum hlau. Qee cov raug faib ua cov hlau thiab cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous two categories. Nonferrous metals xa rau tag nrho cov hlau, xws li hlau, chromium thiab manganese, peb hom hlau. Xyoo 1958, Tuam Tshoj suav nrog hlau, Nonferrous metals chromium thiab manganese hauv ferrous hlau, thiab 64 hom hlau uas tsis yog hlau, chromium thiab manganese tau ntxiv rau non-ferrous hlau. Cov 64 hom non-ferrous hlau xws li: aluminium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, tin, cobalt, npib, tshuaj tiv thaiv, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, kub, nyiaj, platinum, rhythm, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphorus, phosphate, phosphate, ND, Samarium, Europium, gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium.
Keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov khoom siv cuab yeej tau tsim kho kom zoo, thiab txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov Hlau thiab cov tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov keeb kwm tau siv cov khoom siv tais diav los cim lub keeb kwm lub sijhawm, xws li Pob Zeb Hnub, lub bronze, lub hlau thiab li ntawd. Los xaus rau lub xyoo pua 17th los ntawm tib neeg to taub thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm non-ferrous hlau muaj 8 hom. Suav lub teb chaws tau muab kev koom tes tseem ceeb rau txoj kev nrhiav pom thiab kev tsim cov hlau non-ferrous hlau (saib keeb kwm kev sibtham hlau). Nonferrous metals Tom qab nkag mus rau lub xyoo pua paub, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm science thiab technology tau txhawb cov kev nrhiav pom ntau yam tshiab tsis yog cov xim hlau. Qhov saum toj no 64 hom nonferrous hlau tau pom nyob rau xyoo pua paub, ntxiv rau 8 hom kev siv uas tau lees paub ua ntej xyoo pua 17th. Xyoo pua 19th tau nrhiav tau 39 hom, Cov pa nonphrous hlau nkag mus rau sab 20th century, tseem nrhiav tau 4 yam.
Lub zog, cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog hu ua peb tug ncej ntawm kev paub txog kev ua neej. Nonferrous Metals thiab lawv cov phom yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub, Cov Hlau Nonferrous uas muaj feem xyuam nrog lub zog thiab kev siv technology. Raws li 1981 World statistics, tooj liab, aluminium, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, kub, nyiaj 8 hom non-ferrous hlau zus tsuas yog steel tsim (700 lab tons) 5.4%, tab sis nws tso zis tus nqi kom ntau tshaj 50 % cov khoom tso zis steel. Nonferrous Metals thiab ferrous metals complement lwm, Nonferrous co-metals ua ke ua ib lub nruab hnub ci hlau. Nonferrous metals yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev siv nyiaj txiag, Neeg lub neej thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, Nonferrous metals kev nthuav txuj ci thiab kev tsim kho. Kev hloov tshiab ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho kom muaj zog, kev tiv thaiv teb chaws thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tshuab yog cais ntawm cov hlau tsis yog hlau. xws li aircraft, cuaj luaj, rockets, satellites, nuclear submarines thiab lwm yam riam phom thiab atomic lub zog, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom los yog tej yam yuav tsum tau ua rau cov technologies yees xws li TV, kev sib txuas lus, radar, Nonferrous hlau thiab cov tshuab computer hauv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab hlau hauv cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous, thiab tsis muaj cov xim li non-ferrous li nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, thiab lwm yam. Kev siv cov non-ferrous hlau hauv tej kev siv, xws li lub hwj chim kev lag luam, yog txiav txim siab. Tam sim no muaj ntau lub teb chaws nyob hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov teb chaws industrialized, Nonferrous hlau sib tw los tsim cov kev ua lag luam nonferrous hlau thiab ua kom muaj kev txav ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog xim. Nonferrous hlau kev lag luam muaj xws li geological prospecting, mining, txais txiaj ntsim, smelting thiab ua haujlwm. Yuav kom tau 1 tons ntawm non-ferrous hlau, lub ore feem ntau qis hauv cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau, uas yog feem ntau mined rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm cov zaub mov. Yog li ntawd, kuv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kev lag luam hlau uas tsis yog zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis yog hlau, muaj ntau hom hlau symbiosis, Nonferrous hlau ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau tubntxhais tawm thiab siv cov khoom siv dua tshiab thiab ua kom siv cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj, xws li cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, cov hlau zoo nkauj thiab sulfuric acid, zoo rau kev siv cov yeeb nkab uas tsis yog ferrous or intermediate thiab cov cuav. Cov hlau tsis muaj ferrous hlau ntau yog tsim tawm ntau cov roj khib nyiab, dej khib nyiab thiab pov tseg residue, uas muaj ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb, Cov hlau tsis zoo uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg, tej cov hlau tsis yog hlau kuj yog cov tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tsis yog hlau, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov hlau ntau, feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog cov xim xav tau ntau zog. Raws li kev lag luam, xws li ntawm cov hlau ntawm ib tuj ntawm cov hlau noj ntawm 100, magnesium yog 1127, txhuas yog 767, nickel yog 455, tooj liab yog 352, zinc 206. Yog li, nyob rau hauv txoj kev lag luam non-ferrous hlau, teeb meem kev txo kev siv zog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsuas, nyiaj txiaj, smelting, ua thiab ua dua ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, muaj ntau hom kev rho tawm los xaiv. Nonferrous metals As far as smelting txheej txheem, nws yog feem ntau muab faib ua hluav taws metallurgy, hydrometallurgical metallurgy thiab electric metallurgy. Hluav taws hlau metallurgy feem ntau muaj rab peev xwm los nrog kev ua tau zoo ore, siv tau leej faj nyob rau hauv sulfide ore combustion tshav kub, Nonferrous hlau tau nyiaj txiag rov qab zoo zoo nkauj hlau, tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab lwm yam zoo, tab sis feem ntau nyuaj ua kom tau qhov zoo tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Hydrometallurgy feem ntau yog siv los kho cov hlau pob zeb, cov qib low-grade thiab refractory ores, thaum hluav taws xob fais fab hlau yog tsim rau cov khoom muaj hlau ntau xws li txhuas, magnesium thiab sodium. Cov hau kev no yog tsim los siv los yog siv nrog ua ke nrog cov qauv hauv mineral. Yuav kom ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hlua hlau tsis zoo, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab, Cov cuab yeej tshiab tsis zoo, Cov twj siv cov khoom siv tshiab, xws li kev siv tshuaj tua kab, cov kua nplaum, cov kua tshuaj organic, ion exchange, , hlau metallurgy, hlau metallurgy, ntshav hlau metallurgy, chlorinated metallurgy thiab nruam casting, Nonferrous co xws li qub siab ua, diffusion vuam, Superplastic molding, etc., enriched txoj kev tshawb thiab tshuab ntawm metallurgy, thiab tsis tu ncua nce txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov- ferrous hlau qhuav.
Cov hlau tsis yog cov hlau siv feem ntau siv tom qab ua haujlwm, yog li yuav ua li cas tsim nyog thiab ua tau zoo tsim cov khoom ua tau zoo, pheej yig cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov nyiaj txiag kom tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nyiaj txiag, yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb heev. Ua ke nrog rau kev kawm txog science thiab technology thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, cov kev cai tshiab rau ntau, ntau yam, Nonferrous hlau zoo thiab cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ib txwm muab tso tawm, uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, Nonferrous co, tiam sis tseem muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub cev muaj zog, microstructure, siv lead ua, ua lub xeev, qhov tob thiab qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom siv kev ruaj ntseg, kev ruaj ntseg thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum muaj nce siab. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog khoom loj yog qhov loj, ua kom tiav, muaj kev sib txuas, kev tsim qauv ntawm kev loj hlob, uas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv high-precision, high-tech technology, khoom siv, kev tswj technology thiab cov khoom tiav cov khoom siv. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, xws li cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor, composites, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov khoom yees tshiab xws li hmoov hlau metallurgy, kev kho deg, thiab lwm yam.
Ib qho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv cov hlau tsis yog cov hlau yog cov hlau ore, thiab qee cov qib qis dua, tsis yog ntau hom hlau tsis yog sib xyaw ua ke, feem ntau cov hlau ore kuj muaj ntau cov hlau tsis zoo, xws li Panzhihua iron ore muaj coob tus vanadium, titanium, Baotou iron ore muaj coob tus tsawg lub ntiaj teb thiab niobium, yog li kev tshawb fawb tsim rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm suav cov cuab yeej siv tshiab, cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, tsim rau Tuam Tshoj tus qauv tsis-ferrous hlau khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ua hauj lwm yav tom ntej. Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv non-ferrous hlau thiab muaj ib tug ntau yam ua tiav. Raws li peb paub, 7 hom hlau xws li tungsten thiab tsawg lub ntiaj teb yog thawj hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab cov khoom ntawm 5 hom lead, nickel, mercury, molybdenum thiab niobium muaj ntau heev. Hauv cov kev pab cuam hauv pob zeb, nonferrous Metals yog ib qho txiaj ntsim loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Ua ntej nrhiav tau ntawm PRC, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam non-ferrous hlau heev rov qab, tsis hais seb kuv los yog lub hoobkas, nws cov cuab yeej siv tsawg, tsuas ua tau kub, nyiaj, tin, antimony, tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, mercury thiab thiaj li , ntau cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous yuav tsis tau ua. Txij xyoo 1949, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam non-ferrous hlau tau tsim muaj sai, Nonferrous cov hlau tau tsim los ntawm cov kheev siv cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj hlau rau tsawg hlau, ntau yam ua tiav, txheej txheem ntau zoo tshaj qhov system. Tuam Tshoj cov ntau yam tsis yog ferrous metals mining, benefiting, smelting, kev ua nroj tsuag muaj kev txiav txim siab ntau, tab sis muab piv nrog lub ntiaj teb qib siab, muaj ib qho kev sib txawv. Rau qhov kawg no, nyob rau hauv cov tshiab tsis-ferrous hlau mines, cog kev tsim, tab sis kuj fim cov mines uas twb muaj lawm, factories, technical transformation paub, muab tag nrho kev ua si mus rau qhov zoo ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus non-ferrous hlau cov kev pab cuam kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub teb chaws nyiaj txiag kev loj hlob.
