Non-ferrous metals yog cov hlau txhua yam tsis yog hlau thiab hlau.
Non-ferrous metals yog lub teb chaws tus economy, cov neeg lub neej niaj hnub thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, science; nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis yog hlau, mining ua, smelting, ua thiab txheej txheem ubno; kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo; non-ferrous co yog feem ntau ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom, yog li cas yuav npaum li cas
Non-ferrous hlau yog hlau, chromium, manganese, tag nrho peb cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau. Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv 1958, cov hlau, chromium, manganese muaj nyob rau hauv hlau ferrous; thiab hlau, chromium, manganese lwm yam tshaj li 64 hom hlau muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau uas tsis-ferrous. Zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, kub, nyiaj, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, thiab hais txog. Aluminium, tungsten, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, Europa, gadolinium, kab mob, dysprosium, lub plawv, lub plawv, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium
Keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov cuab yeej tsim tau zoo, thiab nws muaj kev sib raug zoo heev nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tib neeg zej zog. Yog li no, Nonferrous metals historians tau siv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kos cim lub keeb kwm lub sijhawm, xws li Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog, Bronze Age, Hnub Nyoog Hlau thiab dua li ntawd. Rau qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th los ntawm tib neeg to taub thiab kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov hom yim hom non-ferrous hlau. Suav lub teb chaws tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev nrhiav pom thiab kev tsim ntawm cov hlau no (saib Metallurgical History). Tom qab xyoo pua 18th, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm science thiab technology, Nonferrous metals contributed rau qhov discovery ntawm ntau yam tshiab uas tsis yog hlau fais fab. 64 hom non-ferrous metals ntxiv nrog rau lub xyoo pua 17th tau raug lees paub ua ntej daim ntawv thov yim, hauv xyoo pua paub pom muaj 13 hom. Xyoo pua 19th pom 39 hom, Nonferrous hlau mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab pom plaub hom.
Lub zog, cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug hu ua peb tug ncej ntawm kev ua neej zoo. Nonferrous hlau thiab lawv cov phom yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub, thiab lub zog thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab zoo heev. Raws li lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 1981, zus tau cov tooj, aluminium, txhuas, zinc, xee, tooj liab, Nonferrous hlau kub thiab nyiaj tsuas yog 5.4% ntawm cov hlau ntau lawm (700 lab tons), tiam sis nws cov zis tus nqi mus txog cov hlau zis saum toj no 50 Non-ferrous hlau thiab ferrous metals complement ib leeg, Nonferrous hlau ua ke los ua ib qho khoom siv hlau niaj hnub.
Nonferrous metals yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag, cov neeg lub neej thiab kev tivthaiv kev lag luam, kev kawm txog technology thiab technology tsis tsim nyog. Kev hloov tshiab rau kev lag luam, kev tsim kho tshiab, kev tiv thaiv teb chaws thiab kev siv technology tshiab thiab kev tsim kho tshiab yog cov uas tsis muaj cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau. Xws li aircraft, cuaj luaj, rockets, satellites, Nonferrous metals nuclear submarines thiab lwm yam khoom siv phom sij thiab atomic zog, TV, kev sib txuas lus, radar, cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua los yog cov khoom loj feem ntau yog cov hlau tsis sib haum teeb hlau thiab olefins tau ua los ntawm cov hlau; , Yog tsis muaj cov nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, Nonferrous hlau niobium thiab lwm cov non-ferrous co tsis kuj hlau alloy steel. Non-ferrous metals hauv qee yam siv (xws li kev siv fais fab, thiab lwm yam), kev siv kuj tseem ceeb heev. Tam sim no muaj ntau lub teb chaws nyob hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog industrialized lub teb chaws, sib tw tsim cov non-ferrous hlau kev lag luam, nce qhov kev npaj tseg ntawm non-ferrous hlau. Nonferrous hlau kev lag luam, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam, kev ua vaj tsev, kev ua tshuaj ntxhua, smelting thiab ua thiab lwm lub tuam tsev. Nonferrous metals Ore cov ntsiab lus ntawm non-ferrous hlau feem ntau tsawg, kom tau txais 1 tuj ntawm non-ferrous hlau, feem ntau yuav tsum tau mined mus rau 100 tons los yog ntau tons ntawm ore. Yog li ntawd, lub mine yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev ua lag luam nonferrous hlau. Nonferrous metals Non-ferrous hlau ore ntau yog ntau hom hlau symbiosis, nws yuav tsum muaj kev tsim nyog thiab rov qab los ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog, tsim kom muaj kev siv, kom thiaj siv tau cov kev siv hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau hom hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, zoo nkauj tshooj thiab sulfuric acid thiab lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov hlau tsis yog hlau los sis cov khoom nruab nrab thiab cov qhev, soot txoj kev rov qab.
Nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis yog hlau, kev ua vaj tsev ua tiav, smelting, kev ua thiab kev rov ua dua, ntau hom kev rho tawm yuav siv tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm smelting, nws feem ntau yog muab faib ua pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical thiab metallurgy metallurgy. Hluav taws hlau metallurgy feem ntau muaj peev xwm mus nrog concentrates, siv tau leej faj nyob rau hauv lub mis sulfur combustion tshav kub, muaj peev xwm yuav economically recovered precious hlau, tsawg hlau thiab lwm yam zoo;
Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous yog ua tiav thiab siv, yog li nws yog ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsim cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab pheej yig uas tsis yog ferrous thiaj li yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws kev sib raug zoo thiab nyiaj txiag. Nrog rau kev kawm txog technology thiab kev lag luam thiab kev tsim cov teb chaws kev lag luam, cov khoom siv hlau uas tsis yog ferrous hauv ntau, ntau yam, zoo thiab raug nqi, thiab thiaj li tso cov kev cai tshiab; tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev kawm zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv kev ua haujlwm; thiab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, Lub cev muaj zog, kev sib koom tes, kev siv lead ua, kev ua tiav, qhov tob thiab qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, Nonferrous metals stability thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau siab dua thiab siab dua. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tsis yog ferrous cov khoom loj yog qhov loj, ua tiav, nrawm, qauv coj los siv, uas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej zoo, muaj kev ruaj siab ntawm technology, khoom siv, kev tswj cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom ua tiav cov khoom siv. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, xws li cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor, composites, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov khoom yees tshiab xws li hmoov hlau metallurgy, kev kho deg, thiab lwm yam.
